INTRODUCTION Molecular analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) has found numerous applications in biology due to its ability to detect and quantify trace amounts of metal ions in biological samples. Metal ions are essential for various biological processes such as enzyme catalysis, signal transduction, and DNA replication, and their imbalances…
INTRODUCTION Antibody generation by Hybridoma technology is a technique used to produce monoclonal antibodies, which are highly specific and homogeneous antibodies that recognize a single epitope on an antigen. The development of hybridoma technology revolutionized the field of immunology, as it allowed for the large-scale production of highly specific monoclonal…
INTRODUCTION Molecular analysis using circular dichroism spectroscopy and optical rotatory dispersion is a major helpful technique in biology. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) are analytical techniques used to investigate the structural and functional characteristics of biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These techniques are…
INTRODUCTION Molecular analysis using Fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique used in biology to study the properties of biomolecules that exhibit fluorescence. Fluorescence is a phenomenon in which a molecule absorbs light of a particular wavelength and re-emits light at a longer wavelength. The emitted light is often of a…