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CROSSOPTERYGII :- STRUCTURE AND AFFINITIES
Crossopterygian, (subclass Crossopterygii), any member of a group of primitive, lobe-finned, bony fishes believed to have given rise to the amphibians and all other land vertebrates. [...READ FULL]
BIOTIC FACTORS
INTRODUCTION Biotic factors and abiotic factors [...READ FULL]
TAXONOMIC KEYS
A Taxonomic key is a device, which when properly constructed and used, enables a user to identify an organism.In lifesciences, an identification key is a printed or computer-aided device that aids the identification of biological entities, such as plants, animals, fossils, microorganisms, and pollen grains.How names are correctly established in the frame of bionomial nomenclature Which name must be used in case of name conflicts How scientific literature must cite names [...READ FULL]
ONCOGENES AND CANCER
A disease in which cells divide abnormally and destroy body tissues. Three classes of genes are responsible for the onset of cancer. First one is proto oncogene the normally promotes cell growth. After mutation proto-oncogene changes into oncogene whose products are excessively active in growth promotion. [...READ FULL]
TYPES OF TAXONOMY – CHEMOTAXONOMY, CYTOTAXONOMY AND MOLECULAR TAXONOMY
TYPES OF TAXONOMY -Chemotaxonomy, also called chemosystematics, is to classify and identify organisms according to confirmable differences and similarities in their biochemical compositions. In a nutshell, the biological classification of plants and animals based on similarities and differences in biochemical composition.How scientific literature must cite names [...READ FULL]
SPECIALIZED AND DEGENERATED CHARACTERS OF CYCLOSTOMATES
Adult cyclostomes are too specialized or too degenciative in many respect. It is probable that many adult characteristics are adaptations for parasitic mode of feeding. Some of their specialized features are SPECIALIZED AND DEGENERATED CHARACTERS OF CYCLOSTOMATES [...READ FULL]
ORGANS AND MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN HIGHER INVERTEBRATES
ORGANS AND MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN HIGHER INVERTEBRATES :- There are generally three common ways through which invertebrates can perform the process of respiration. These are cutaneous respiration which is mainly performed by lower invertebrates and annelids other is respiration through trachea and gills. [...READ FULL]
PATTERN OF FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
PATTERN OF FEEDING AND DIGESTION IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES :- Every organism needs energy to perform its basic metabolic function. This energy can be obtain from food and sun. As sun is a universal source of energy but only autotrophic organism can obtain energy from sun. [...READ FULL]
TERRESTRIAL ADAPTATIONS IN VERTEBRATES
The idea of adaptation maintains that organisms (animals and plants) are structurally and functionally designed for meeting the needs of life in the habitats in which they live. Thus, adaptations include adjustments by which an organism accommodates itself to its environment. These may occur by natural selection. [...READ FULL]
BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATURE
The binomial system classifies organisms into groups at various hierarchic levels, on the basis of easily observable and shared morphological features like shape, number and position of limbs etc. in a descending order of group size. As the word binomial suggests, the name of a species is made up of two parts: one indicating the genus and indicating the species. Binomial nomenclature means “two part name” or “system of two part names”.Which name must be used in case of name conflicts How scientific literature must cite names [...READ FULL]